Thus the characteristics of Vākya (statement) (have been mentioned). Listen to the eighteen defects in words. They are:
(1) Apetārtha (meaning not clear in spite of the utterance)
(2) Abhinnārtha (difference of the meaning is not clearly understood)
(3) Apravṛtta (spoken in obsolete words which are not current)
(4) Adhika (redundant)
(5) Aślakṣṇa (unpolished)
(6) Sandigdha (doubtful)
(7) Elongated pronunciation of the last syllable of a word)
(8) Parāṅmukha (words conveying meaning contrary to the intended purport)
(9) Untrue
(10) Ungrammatical (with inaccurate forms)
(11) Contrary and antagonistic to Dharma, Artha and Kāma
(12) Nyūna (deficient in words to convey the intended meaning)
(13) Kaṣṭa (painful or difficult to express)
(14) Exaggerated
(15) Words reversed or misarranged (as in spoonerism)
(16) Saśeṣa (message or purport remains incomplete despite the completion of the sentence)
(17) Ahetuka (absence of proper reasoning to convince)
(18) Niṣkāraṇa (unnecessary or irrelevant to the purpose)
Source
https://freeglobaluniversity.blogspot.com/search/label/Skanda
